Insulator-to-metal transition, magnetic anisotropy, and improved TC in a ferrimagnetic La2CoIrO6: strain influence.

The elegant interactions between Coulomb repulsion and spin-orbit coupling in Ir-based double perovskite oxides (DPO) normally induce peculiar magnetic behavior. Herein, we investigate the effect of the development of biaxial [110] strain on the formation energetics, and electronic and magnetic properties of the La2CoIrO6 DPO employing density functional theory calculations. Our results reveal that the unstrained motif is a Mott-insulator achieving an energy band gap of 0.35 eV with a ferrimagnetic (FiM) ground state, which essentially arises due to anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between the half-occupied Co t2g and partially occupied Ir t2g/empty eg orbitals via oxygen 2p states. Along with this, it is found that [001] (c-axis) is the easy magnetic axis, which results in 12.5 meV total energy per u.c., obtaining a large anisotropy constant of 0.8 × 108 erg cm-3. The computed partial spin-magnetic moments on the Co/Ir ion are 2.64/-0.46 µB, where the negative sign on the Ir ion moment confirms the AFM interactions between them. Additionally, the t2g/eg and t2g orbital characteristics of Co2+ and Ir4+ ions are visible in the spin-magnetization density isosurfaces plot, respectively. Likewise, the estimated Curie temperature (TC) using the Heisenberg model is 104 K, which is in agreement with the experimentally observed value of 94/97 K. Interestingly, an insulator-to-metal transition is achieved at a critical compressive strain of -6% with a robust FiM state, where the Co 3dxy and Ir 5dx2-y2 orbitals are mainly responsible for metallicity. Simultaneously, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and TC can be sufficiently enhanced by applying compressive strain due to enhancement in the structural distortions. So this work suggested that the strain strategy is an efficient approach to tuning the properties of the compounds for their feasible realization in spintronics.

Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole) / Avaliação de desempenho dos alimentos aquáticos comerciais disponíveis no mercado do Paquistão em Channa marulius (Sole)

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína sobre o crescimento, composição corporal, perfil de aminoácidos e sorologia de alevinos de Channa marulius. O experimento foi conduzido em dez happas instalados em tanques de terra, cada um abastecido com 10 peixes, por 90 dias. Quatro alimentos para peixes comerciais com níveis de 25%, 30%, 32% e 40% de proteína bruta (PB) foram dados aos peixes com 3% de seu peso corporal úmido três vezes ao dia. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que maior ganho de peso, taxa de conversão alimentar e taxa de sobrevivência foram observados em 30% de proteína alimentar. Enquanto isso, o conteúdo de umidade foi maior em peixes alimentados com 30% de PB, enquanto a proteína bruta mais alta foi registrada em peixes alimentados com 40% de PB. O menor conteúdo de gordura foi observado em rações com 32% de PB. O perfil de aminoácidos dos peixes revelou melhores resultados na ração com 30% de PB. Proteína total, glicose e globulina também foram maiores em peixes alimentados com ração com 30% de PB, enquanto a albumina foi mais alta com 40% de PB. Conclui-se que a ração com 30% de PB apresentou melhores resultados em termos de crescimento, perfil de aminoácidos e parâmetros sorológicos sem afetar a composição corporal dos peixes.

Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole)

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína sobre o crescimento, composição corporal, perfil de aminoácidos e sorologia de alevinos de Channa marulius. O experimento foi conduzido em dez happas instalados em tanques de terra, cada um abastecido com 10 peixes, por 90 dias. Quatro alimentos para peixes comerciais com níveis de 25%, 30%, 32% e 40% de proteína bruta (PB) foram dados aos peixes com 3% de seu peso corporal úmido três vezes ao dia. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que maior ganho de peso, taxa de conversão alimentar e taxa de sobrevivência foram observados em 30% de proteína alimentar. Enquanto isso, o conteúdo de umidade foi maior em peixes alimentados com 30% de PB, enquanto a proteína bruta mais alta foi registrada em peixes alimentados com 40% de PB. O menor conteúdo de gordura foi observado em rações com 32% de PB. O perfil de aminoácidos dos peixes revelou melhores resultados na ração com 30% de PB. Proteína total, glicose e globulina também foram maiores em peixes alimentados com ração com 30% de PB, enquanto a albumina foi mais alta com 40% de PB. Conclui-se que a ração com 30% de PB apresentou melhores resultados em termos de crescimento, perfil de aminoácidos e parâmetros sorológicos sem afetar a composição corporal dos peixes.

Organoleptic characteristics and compositional profile of meat of growing Japanese quail fed different levels of poultry byproducts compost.

The poultry industry generates a lot of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter. Poultry waste should never be disposed of improperly because it can seriously harm the environment. The waste can be recycled as a feedstock for use in poultry feed by composting the litter and deceased birds. The compositional profile and organoleptic properties of the meat of growing Japanese quail were examined over the course of a 4-week trial to ascertain the effect of adding compost to the diet. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 1200 newly hatched quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into five treatment groups (diets with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% compost), each consisting of 40 birds with six replicates. The addition of compost to the diet had no noticeable effects on the organoleptic qualities of appearance, color, aroma, taste, texture, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability (P>0.05). The compositional profile characteristics for chicks given compost at any level compared to chicks fed the control diet showed no differences (P>0.05). These findings suggest that the sensory characteristics and compositional profile of growing meat quails can be maintained when fed diets including up to 10% compost.

Assessing effect of feeding poultry byproducts compost on organoleptic characteristics and compositional profile of meat of broiler chickens.

Large amounts of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter, are produced by the poultry industry. Poultry waste should be disposed of properly to avoid major pollution and health risks. Composting litter and dead birds could be an option to recycle the waste and use in poultry feed. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding composted poultry waste on the organoleptic qualities and compositional profile of the meat of broiler chickens. A total of 300 day-old broiler chicks (500-Cobb) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups replicated six times with 10 birds each, under a completely randomized design (CRD). Five iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets including composted poultry byproducts at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were fed ad libitum to the birds from day 0 to day 35. The sensory grading and meat composition profile of 500 Cobb broiler chickens were tested at 35 days of age. The findings showed that there were no variations in the sensory profiles of the meat from birds given various diets (P>0.05). Although the results were somewhat lower for the chicks fed compost-containing diets than for the control group, this difference was deemed to be insignificant (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no variations in the compositional profile values of the meat between meat from birds fed various diets (P>0.05). These findings imply that broiler chickens may be raised on diets containing up to 10% poultry byproduct compost without any negative impacts on the meat's sensory quality or composition. Additionally, using compost into broiler diets may help to lower the cost of feed.

Cell free DNA screening for fetal aneuploidy in Ireland: An observational study of outcomes following insufficient fetal fraction.

OBJECTIVES: To determine maternal factors associated with low fetal fraction (FF). To determine the proportion of women who receive a result from repeat non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) testing. To identify any significant associations between pregnancy interventions or outcomes and low FF. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study of 4465 women undergoing antenatal screening by targeted cell free DNA (cfDNA) testing at an Irish tertiary maternity hospital between January 2017 and December 2022. Patients who failed to obtain a result after the first NIPT were analyzed in two cohorts; those who received a result on a repeat sample and those who failed to ever achieve a result despite a second, third or fourth cfDNA test. RESULTS: Risk of insufficient FF significantly increased with elevated maternal BMI (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.13, p = 0.03) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.19-9.4, p = 0.02). Women with no result were more likely to have diagnostic invasive testing (p < 0.01), but had no increased risk of aneuploidy. Repeated failed NIPT attempts due to low FF were significantly associated with the subsequent development of hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (p = 0.03). Greater than 70% of patients who were unsuccessful in a first or second attempt at NIPT due to low FF yielded a result following a second or third sample. CONCLUSIONS: High BMI and IVF conceptions are greater contributors to low FF than fetal aneuploidy. Repeating NIPT yields a result in greater than 70% of cases. WHAT'S ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: Fetal fraction (FF) in prenatal cfDNA testing is influenced by maternal and pregnancy factors including body mass index (BMI) and IVF. Low FF has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal aneuploidy and hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: In a large Irish population, increasing maternal BMI and in-vitro fertilization are the most significant contributors to repeated test failures due to low FF. Greater than 70% of patients with test failure due to low FF will receive a result on 2nd and 3rd NIPT attempts. Patients with no result from NIPT were more likely to undergo diagnostic invasive testing but the risk of aneuploidy was not significantly increased.

Stable antiferromagnetism and semiconducting-to-metal transition in ALaCuOsO6 (A = Ba and Sr): strain modulations.

Double perovskite oxides (DPO) with antiferromagnetic ground state have received much consideration as they exhibit small stray-field and ultra-fast spin dynamics, which is extremely convenient for high-density and high-frequency data storage devices. It is a well-established fact that strain can easily tune the physical properties of the materials; therefore, the electronic and magnetic properties of recently synthesized ordered ALaCuOsO6 (A = Ba and Sr) DPO under biaxial ([110]) strain are investigated using ab initio calculations. Our results revealed that the unstrained systems exhibit semiconducting states having energy band gaps (Eg) of 0.28 and 0.39 eV for A = Ba and Sr, respectively. Along with this, both structures exhibit AFM ground state due to a strong AFM coupling between partially filled high-energy Cu+ e1g↑ and low-energy empty Os+5 t02g↓ orbitals. The calculated partial spin moments of Cu and Os ions are 0.65/0.66 and 1.58/1.60µB in a Ba-/Sr-doped system having electronic configurations of 3d9 (t32g↑t32g↓e2g↑e1g↓) with S = 0.5 and 5d3 (t32g↑) with S = 1.5, respectively. The robustness of AFM spin ordering is affirmed under the strain effects. The most striking feature of the present study is that Ba- and Sr-doped systems demonstrate an electronic transition from semiconductor to metal at critical tensile strains of +4% and +5% along with improved magnetism as well as Néel temperature, respectively. However, the magnetic ground state remains robust against applied strains in both cases. Hence, the present study shows that strain engineering could be a practical tool to modulate the electronic and magnetic properties of DPO to further enhance their technological applications in spintronics.

A bump in the night: a 15-year retrospective analysis of urgent inpatient and emergency CT reporting out of hours in a tertiary referral centre.

AIM: To assess the impact on specialty trainee (ST) experience of out-of-hours (OOH) working, focusing on what might be improved with both patient safety and staff wellbeing in mind. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The number of acute computed tomography (CT) examinations reported OOH over the last 15 years (2007-2021) at Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust was analysed. Qualitative data from the radiology STs participating in the acute OOH rotas were obtained using questionnaires during winter months in 2019 and 2021, before and after the introduction of an OOH CT outsourcing service in 2020. RESULTS: Overnight acute CT has increased over 10-fold over the last decade to almost 50 CT examinations in 2021, and similar increases were observed during evening and weekend shifts. The option to outsource acute CT on an ad hoc basis was introduced in 2020 to manage the increase in demand. This resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the STs' level of reported satisfaction for OOH shifts (p<0.018), despite significantly increased perception of how busy the shifts were (p<0.035). CONCLUSION: OOH acute CT reporting at Oxford NHS Foundation Trust has increased dramatically over the previous 15 years. Working patterns and resources have changed incrementally to absorb this increase in demand, most recently with the option for outsourcing at times of peak demand. The trend for increasing OOH CT demand has considerable implications for future resource planning.

Interplay between spin-orbital coupling and electron-correlation: induction of phase transitions and giant magnetic anisotropy in strained LaSr1-xCaxNiReO6.

In recent decades, 3d-5d based double perovskite oxides (DPO) have received considerable attention due to the existence of the Mott-insulating (MI) state, which is due to the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and strong electron-correlation (EC) effects. They provide a small stray field and ultra-fast spin moments, which play a key role in the design of magnetic tunnel junctions. Herein, we examined the physical properties of the unstrained and biaxial ([110]) strained LaSr1-xCaxNiReO6 (x = 0.0 (Sr-dop.), 0.5 (SrCa-dop.), and 1.0 (Ca-dop.)) motifs with a high formal charge state of Re5+(5d2)/Ni2+(3d8) using ab initio calculations. Interestingly, our results revealed that the combined effect of SOC and EC is essential to define both the electronic and magnetic ground states of the structures. The unstrained x = 0.0/0.5 and 1.0 systems displayed a MI ferromagnetic (FM) and ferrimagnetic (FiM) behavior with energy band gaps of 0.14/0.12 and 0.35 eV, respectively, which is in good agreement with the recent experimental observations [S. Jana, P. Aich, P. A. Kumar, O. K. Forslund, E. Nocerino, V. Pomjakushin, M. Maansson, Y. Sassa, P. Svedlindh and O. Karis, et al., Sci. Rep., 2019, 9, 18296]. Most importantly, a giant magnetic anisotropy constant of 0.2/0.4/3.7 × 108 erg cm-3 with an easy axis of [001]/[001]/[101] for x = 0.0/0.5/1.0 is achieved, which is jointly associated with SOC and distorted Ni-O-Re bond angles. Strikingly, an insulator-to-metal transition occurs for x = 0.0 and 0.5 under the influence of a critical compressive strain of -3%. Furthermore, the systems (x = 0.0 and 0.5) again exhibit a transformation from FM metal to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) MI state with -5% strain. Similarly, a FiM MI to AFM MI transition is also predicted for x = 1.0 at a critical strain of -6%. Thus, the present investigations proposed that strain modulated properties of the LaSr1-xCaxNiReO6 DPOs further enhance their potential realization for high-density magnetic memory devices.

Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole).

The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Structural stability and evolution of half-metallicity in Ba2CaMoO6: interplay of hole- and electron-doping.

Half-metallic ferromagnetic materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their probable technological applications in spintronics. In this respect, doping plays a crucial role in tailoring or controlling the physical properties of the system. Herein, the impact of both hole and electron doping on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the recent high pressure synthesized non-magnetic insulator Ba2CaMoO6 double perovskite oxide are investigated by replacing one of the Mo ions with Nb and Tc. The structural and mechanical stability of the undoped/doped materials are analyzed by calculating the formation energies and stiffness tensors, respectively, which confirm the system's stability. Interestingly, our results revealed that Nb- and Tc-doped systems display an electronic transition from insulating to p- and n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic states, respectively. The most striking feature of the present study is that oxygen ions become spin-polarized, with a magnetic moment of ∼0.12 µB per atom, and are mainly responsible for conductivity in the Nb-doped system. However, the admixture of Tc 4d non-degenerate orbitals are primarily contributing to the metallicity in the Tc-doped structure, with a moment of ∼0.59 µB. It is also found that Nb and Tc ions remain in the 5+ and 7+ states with electronic configurations of t22g↑t22g↓e0g↑e0g↓ and t32g↑t22g↓e0g↑e0g↓, with spin states of S = 0 and S = 1/2 in the individual doped systems, respectively. Hence, the present work proposes that a doping strategy with a suitable candidate could be beneficial to tune the physical properties of the materials for their potential utilization in advanced spin-based devices.

The Digital Addiction Scale for Children: Development and Validation.

Researchers worldwide have developed and validated several scales to assess various forms of adults' digital addiction. The urge for some of these scales found support in World Health Organization's inclusion of gaming disorder as a mental health condition in its eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases in June 2018. Additionally, several studies have shown that children are starting to use digital devices (DDs) (e.g., tablets and smartphones) at a very young age, including playing video games and engaging in social media. Consequently, the need for early detection of the risk of digital addiction among children is becoming more of a necessity. In the present study, the Digital Addiction Scale for Children (DASC)-a 25-item self-report instrument-was developed and validated to assess the behavior of children 9 to 12 years old in association with DD usage, including video gaming, social media, and texting. The sample comprised 822 participants (54.2 percent males), from grade 4 to grade 7. The DASC showed excellent internal consistency reliability (α = 0.936) and adequate concurrent and criterion-related validities. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the DASC fitted the data very well. The DASC paves the way to (a) help in early identification of children at risk of problematic use of DDs and/or becoming addicted to DDs and (b) stimulate further research concerning children from different cultural and contextual settings.

Parasitic infections as major cause of abattoir condemnations in cattle slaughtered at an Ethiopian abattoir: 10-year retrospective study.

Abattoirs are vital for gathering information on animal diseases and protecting the public from consuming infected or unhygienic meat. To assess the major reasons for organ and carcass condemnations and their financial implications, we reviewed 10-year abattoir records of slaughtered bovines between January 2005 and December 2014 at Kombolcha ELFORA abattoir, north-east Ethiopia. Of the 46,913 cattle slaughtered during that period, 17,963 (38.3%) had at least one disease condition. Lungs (10.67%) and liver (25%) were the most affected and condemned organs, followed by heart (1.53%), head (0.56%), tongue (0.17%) and kidney (0.32%). The major conditions responsible for condemnation were fasciolosis (49.89%), hydatid cyst (55.55%), pericarditis (78.2%), hydronephrosis (35.8%), abscess (71.7%) and abscess (43.9%), in liver, lung, heart, kidneys, head and tongue, respectively. The direct financial losses incurred from organ and carcass condemnation over the 10-year period amounted to ETB 1,219,399 (USD 61,946.9), with parasitic diseases such as fascioliasis and hydatidosis accounting for ETB 256,837.5 (USD 13,047.64) and ETB 170,827.5 (USD 8678.23) in losses, respectively. This study describes a significant loss of cheap and reliable sources of protein due to non-utilization of infected organs or carcasses, emphasizing the need to implement integrated approaches in disease surveillance and control programmes.

Internet gaming disorder in Lebanon: Relationships with age, sleep habits, and academic achievement.

Background and aims The latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders included Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a disorder that needs further research among different general populations. In line with this recommendation, the primary objective of this was to explore the relationships between IGD, sleep habits, and academic achievement in Lebanese adolescents. Methods Lebanese high-school students (N = 524, 47.9% males) participated in a paper survey that included the Internet Gaming Disorder Test and demographic information. The sample's mean average age was 16.2 years (SD = 1.0). Results The pooled prevalence of IGD was 9.2% in the sample. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that IGD was associated with being younger, lesser sleep, and lower academic achievement. While more casual online gamers also played offline, all the gamers with IGD reported playing online only. Those with IGD slept significantly less hours per night (5 hr) compared with casual online gamers (7 hr). The school grade average of gamers with IGD was the lowest among all groups of gamers, and below the passing school grade average. Conclusions These findings shed light on sleep disturbances and poor academic achievement in relation to Lebanese adolescents identified with IGD. Students who are not performing well at schools should be monitored for their IGD when assessing the different factors behind their low academic performance.

Validation of the Arabic Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder-20 Test.

In recent years, researchers have been trying to shed light on gaming addiction and its association with different psychiatric disorders and psychological determinants. The latest edition version of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) included in its Section 3 Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) as a condition for further empirical study and proposed nine criteria for the diagnosis of IGD. The 20-item Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD-20) Test was developed as a valid and reliable tool to assess gaming addiction based on the nine criteria set by the DSM-5. The aim of this study is to validate an Arabic version of the IGD-20 Test. The Arabic version of IGD-20 will not only help in identifying Arabic-speaking pathological gamers but also stimulate cross-cultural studies that could contribute to an area in need of more research for insight and treatment. After a process of translation and back-translation and with the participation of a sizable sample of Arabic-speaking adolescents, the present study conducted a psychometric validation of the IGD-20 Test. Our confirmatory factor analysis showed the validity of the Arabic version of the IGD-20 Test. The one-factor model of the Arabic IGD-20 Test had very good psychometric properties, and it fitted the sample data extremely well. In addition, correlation analysis between the IGD-20 Test and the daily duration on weekdays and weekends gameplay revealed significant positive relationships that warranted a criterion-related validation. Thus, the Arabic version of the IGD-20 Test is a valid and reliable measure of IGD among Arabic-speaking populations.

Impact of e-Discipline on Children's Screen Time.

With rapid technological advancement, the prevalence and undesirable effects of excess screen time on children have become a mounting issue worldwide. There are many studies investigating the phenomenon's impact on society (e.g., behavioral, academic, health), but studies that uncover the causes and factors that increase the odds of children's excess screen time are limited. To this end, this study introduces the term "e-discipline" to refer to systematic practices that use screen devices as discipline tools. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between e-discipline and children's screen time by gender. Analysis was performed on 3,141 children aged 7-11 years old. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds of exceeding the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines of 2 hours of screen time per day by boys and girls whose parents practice e-discipline. The results showed that children whose parents used screen devices as discipline tools had significantly more screen time compared to children whose parents did not. Furthermore, no statistically significant gender differences were found in the odds of exceeding the recommended screen time under e-discipline. Recommendations stemming from all the results are discussed.

Suppression of the two-dimensional electron gas in LaGaO3/SrTiO3 by cation intermixing.

Cation intermixing at the n-type polar LaGaO3/SrTiO3 (001) interface is investigated by first principles calculations. Ti⇔Ga, Sr⇔La, and SrTi⇔LaGa intermixing are studied in comparison to each other, with a focus on the interface stability. We demonstrate in which cases intermixing is energetically favorable as compared to a clean interface. A depopulation of the Ti 3dxy orbitals under cation intermixing is found, reflecting a complete suppression of the two-dimensional electron gas present at the clean interface.

Arabic validation of the Internet addiction test.

Concern about Internet addiction, fuelled by the rapid increase in its usage across the globe, has spread to many parts of the world, including the Arab world. Concurrently, there has been a relentless quest for a valid tool for measuring Internet addiction. Thus far, two popular tools have been translated to Arabic: the Compulsive Internet Use Scale and the Internet addiction test (IAT). While the Arabic version of the former was proven valid by one study, the validity of the latter's Arabic version remains in question. Therefore, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the IAT. An online Arabic version of the IAT was completed by 817 intermediate- and secondary-school students across Lebanon. The results showed that a one-factor model of the IAT has good psychometric properties and fits the data extremely well. This study presents evidence that the Arabic version of the IAT is valid for measuring Internet addiction among adolescents in Lebanon.

[Dysphagia after ventral spondylodesis]. / Dysphagie nach HWS-Operation.

BACKGROUND: Complications caused by osteosynthetic material after cervical spine surgery are rare. PATIENT AND METHOD: The case of a 36-year-old patient is reported, who suffered the extrusion of a screw and migration through the hypopharynx after ventral spondylodesis of a cervical spine fracture. RESULT: Dysphagia occurred shortly after spinal surgery. The lack of one osteosynthesis screw in the spine was detected by X-ray and the material was located in the rectum. The screw had passed through the intestinal tract and was excreted spontaneously. An ENT medical control was carried out because of persisting dysphagia. Endoscopy revealed a cherry-sized granuloma of the posterior hypopharynx wall which was removed surgically. The healing process of the mucosa continued without further complications. CONCLUSION: X-ray control and endoscopy are required immediately when dysphagia occurs after osteosynthesis of the cervical spine due to possible complications caused by the implanted material. Further therapeutic measures depend on the case-specific constellation.